What Is Dialysis

Hemodialysis is required for people whose kidneys are no longer functioning. The hemodialysis process uses an artificial kidney to do what the body's natural kidneys do--filter metabolic products and toxins from the blood.

Kidneys help control blood pressure and mineral and bone formation, and they play a role in controlling red blood cell production. No one can survive without either functioning kidneys or renal dialysis.

During hemodialysis, the patient's blood enters the dialyzer which contains hundreds of tiny, hollow fibers that resemble straws. Microscopic "holes" on the sides of the fibers allow the very small waste particles in the blood to pass through. The necessary components of the blood, such as red blood cells, are too large to pass through these tiny holes; therefore the blood does not lose its valuable properties during this process.

Most patients receive two to three treatments per week, lasting approximately three to four hours each. While their blood is being treated, patients may read, write letters, do handwork, visit with other patients and ask questions and discuss their treatment with staff.

Although there are many reasons for kidney failure, the two primary causes are diabetes and hypertension (high blood pressure). A person may require renal dialysis at any age.

Appropriate diet is an integral part of treatment for patients who undergo dialysis. They need to maintain good nutrition while reducing their intake of salt, potassium and phosphorous. Daily vitamins and iron and calcium supplements are required. Exercise is encouraged and is an important part of managing the patient's overall health.